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TerraVeritas BOOKs
Open Access Book
As a long-standing academic publisher and advocate of open access, TerraVeritas Publishing recognizes that the growing movement toward freely available and rapidly shared knowledge in academia should go beyond journal publishing to include books as well. Through TerraVeritas Books, we provide scholars with the opportunity to publish their academic contributions in diverse book formats. While journals often capture the most recent findings within specific fields, we view books as a space for deeper reflection and broader discussion. This intellectual reflection can emerge through short or full-length monographs, revised doctoral theses, or collaborative edited volumes that bring together experts across different disciplines. Edited collections serve as a bridge for cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary dialogue—an essential approach for addressing the multifaceted global challenges of our time.
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Recent Articles
Techniques for Evaluating the Nutritional Profile and Digestibility of Animal Feedstuffs by Different Laboratory Methods
by Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman and Zeshan Zulfiqar
https://doi.org/AASB/24.1001
Abstract: Sustainable agriculture and food security are becoming global issues. Animal feed quality effects livestock production, thus improving it benefits. Adequate nutrition assessment of these feedstuffs is required to solve the issue. Worldwide, several methods are used with differing de grees of efficiency, scope, and accuracy. Proximate analysis and digestibility tests were frequently utilized to determine the nutritional value of cereals and forages. On the other hand, NIRS and enzyme-based tests were advanced. NIRS were applied for innovative feedstuff, insect proteins and algae. Similarly, enzyme-based tests give extensive knowledge but are difficult for standardization across species. This review focuses on applying traditional and advanced emerging technologies to evaluate feedstuffs' nutritional content and digestibility, particularly for ruminants. The growing use of novel feed ingredients emphasizes the need for adapting and standardizing these methods to ensure accurate evaluation. This review outlines the current state of laboratory techniques for assessing feedstuffs, identifies gaps in their application, and proposes future directions for integrating these methods into sustainable livestock systems. Refining and standardizing these techniques can improve feed efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and support the development of more sustainable animal production practices. [...] Read more
by Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman and Zeshan Zulfiqar
https://doi.org/AASB/24.1001
Abstract: Sustainable agriculture and food security are becoming global issues. Animal feed quality effects livestock production, thus improving it benefits. Adequate nutrition assessment of these feedstuffs is required to solve the issue. Worldwide, several methods are used with differing de grees of efficiency, scope, and accuracy. Proximate analysis and digestibility tests were frequently utilized to determine the nutritional value of cereals and forages. On the other hand, NIRS and enzyme-based tests were advanced. NIRS were applied for innovative feedstuff, insect proteins and algae. Similarly, enzyme-based tests give extensive knowledge but are difficult for standardization across species. This review focuses on applying traditional and advanced emerging technologies to evaluate feedstuffs' nutritional content and digestibility, particularly for ruminants. The growing use of novel feed ingredients emphasizes the need for adapting and standardizing these methods to ensure accurate evaluation. This review outlines the current state of laboratory techniques for assessing feedstuffs, identifies gaps in their application, and proposes future directions for integrating these methods into sustainable livestock systems. Refining and standardizing these techniques can improve feed efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and support the development of more sustainable animal production practices. [...] Read more
Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Growth And Body Conformation of Goat Kids Raised Under Different Management Systems
by Memoona Subhopoto, Muhammad Naeem, Attique Ahmed Behan, Shakeel Ahmed Tunio, Nasir Rajput, Faizan Shahani and Aamna Subhopoto
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2006
Abstract: An experiment was carried out at the Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam to compare the growth, body conformation and economics of non-descriptive male goat kids under different management sys tems. Twelve kids, approximately 6 months of age, were divided into two groups (6 replicates per group). The group A kids were raised in a semi-intensive management system, allowed to graze and fed with a concentrate ration mixed with commercially available probiotics. In contrast, kids in group B were subjected to an intensive management system restricted to graze, fed with a concentrated ration mixed with probiotics and green forage at the animal shed. The total duration of the experiment was eight weeks and the observations on the growth and conformation features (girth, height and length) were recorded every week. The results revealed that the average final body weight of group A kids was (15.45 kg) significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of kids in group B (13.86 kg). In addition, the body conformation i.e. girth, height and length (61.33 cm, 53.66 cm and 44.5 cm, respectively) of kids in group A were also observed significantly higher (P< 0.05) as compared to the kids of group B (58.83 cm, 52 cm and 43.33 cm, respectively). Furthermore, comparing the economic aspects of kids of experimental groups, it was observed that group A earned more net profit (2338 rupees/kid) than group B (1491 rupees/kid). In conclusion, significantly better growth performance, improved body conformation traits and higher profitability were recorded in goat kids raised under the semi-intensive management system supplemented with a probiotic. These findings suggest that semi-intensive management can be a more profitable and sustainable practice for rearing goat kids. Keywords: Livestock management, probiotic supplementation, growth performance, economics, semi-intensive system, intensive system. [...] Read more
by Memoona Subhopoto, Muhammad Naeem, Attique Ahmed Behan, Shakeel Ahmed Tunio, Nasir Rajput, Faizan Shahani and Aamna Subhopoto
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2006
Abstract: An experiment was carried out at the Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam to compare the growth, body conformation and economics of non-descriptive male goat kids under different management sys tems. Twelve kids, approximately 6 months of age, were divided into two groups (6 replicates per group). The group A kids were raised in a semi-intensive management system, allowed to graze and fed with a concentrate ration mixed with commercially available probiotics. In contrast, kids in group B were subjected to an intensive management system restricted to graze, fed with a concentrated ration mixed with probiotics and green forage at the animal shed. The total duration of the experiment was eight weeks and the observations on the growth and conformation features (girth, height and length) were recorded every week. The results revealed that the average final body weight of group A kids was (15.45 kg) significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of kids in group B (13.86 kg). In addition, the body conformation i.e. girth, height and length (61.33 cm, 53.66 cm and 44.5 cm, respectively) of kids in group A were also observed significantly higher (P< 0.05) as compared to the kids of group B (58.83 cm, 52 cm and 43.33 cm, respectively). Furthermore, comparing the economic aspects of kids of experimental groups, it was observed that group A earned more net profit (2338 rupees/kid) than group B (1491 rupees/kid). In conclusion, significantly better growth performance, improved body conformation traits and higher profitability were recorded in goat kids raised under the semi-intensive management system supplemented with a probiotic. These findings suggest that semi-intensive management can be a more profitable and sustainable practice for rearing goat kids. Keywords: Livestock management, probiotic supplementation, growth performance, economics, semi-intensive system, intensive system. [...] Read more
Managing Livestock-Associated Zoonoses: Challenges, Surveillance, and Preventative Strategies within a One Health Framework
by Lilik Maslachah
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2008
Abstract: Zoonotic diseases transmitted from livestock to humans present persistent global health and economic challenges. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of major livestock-associated zoonoses, focusing on their causative agents, transmission pathways, clinical impacts, surveillance challenges, and strategies for control. Using a narrative literature review methodology, relevant peer-reviewed studies, epidemiological reports, and global health data were examined to synthesize current knowledge. The findings highlight key zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella spp., Mycobacterium bovis, Coxiella burnetii, avian and swine influenza viruses, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and others, underscoring diverse transmission routes including foodborne, respiratory, vector-borne, and environmental exposure. Significant challenges persist in managing these diseases, particularly in low-resource settings, due to weak veterinary infrastructure, inconsistent surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, and the influence of climate change. However, emerging technologies such as genomic epidemiology, AI-based analytics, and participatory epidemiology offer promising tools for early detection and outbreak control. The review advocates for a coordinated One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health sectors. Strengthening surveillance, improving biosecurity, promoting public awareness, and fostering international collaboration are critical to mitigating zoonotic threats and building resilient global health systems. Keywords: Biosecurity, economic impact of zoonoses, environmental transmission, global health security, integrated health systems, pathogens, surveillance. [...] Read more
by Lilik Maslachah
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2008
Abstract: Zoonotic diseases transmitted from livestock to humans present persistent global health and economic challenges. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of major livestock-associated zoonoses, focusing on their causative agents, transmission pathways, clinical impacts, surveillance challenges, and strategies for control. Using a narrative literature review methodology, relevant peer-reviewed studies, epidemiological reports, and global health data were examined to synthesize current knowledge. The findings highlight key zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella spp., Mycobacterium bovis, Coxiella burnetii, avian and swine influenza viruses, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and others, underscoring diverse transmission routes including foodborne, respiratory, vector-borne, and environmental exposure. Significant challenges persist in managing these diseases, particularly in low-resource settings, due to weak veterinary infrastructure, inconsistent surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, and the influence of climate change. However, emerging technologies such as genomic epidemiology, AI-based analytics, and participatory epidemiology offer promising tools for early detection and outbreak control. The review advocates for a coordinated One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health sectors. Strengthening surveillance, improving biosecurity, promoting public awareness, and fostering international collaboration are critical to mitigating zoonotic threats and building resilient global health systems. Keywords: Biosecurity, economic impact of zoonoses, environmental transmission, global health security, integrated health systems, pathogens, surveillance. [...] Read more
Iron Consumption and Iron Deficiency Anemia prevalence: A Comparative Study of Boarding and Non-Boarding Female Students
by Tahniat Rehman, Amna Javed and Ahmad Hassan
https://doi.org/xx
Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is the world's most severe nutritional deficiency. Almost 2 billion people which is equal to 30% world’s population are anemic, mostly due to iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and dietary iron i ntake in border and non-boarder female students. Also determine the effect of iron rich diet on iron deficiency anemic subjects. Total 120 female students were selected from College of Nursing Allied Hospital Faisalabad, 60 from boarder group and 60 from non-boarder group. Dietary history was obtained by using a Questionnaire and complete blood count and serum ferritin tests were conducted. Total 93 students had Hb level below 12g/dl from which 81 students had MCV below 80fl. Serum ferritin test was done on those students that had low Hb and MCV values. Out of 120, 78 students had Iron deficiency anemia, including 43 from boarder students and 35 from non-boarder. Hb, MCV, serum ferritin values showed significant relation with residence (P<0.05). Insufficient dietary iron intake seen in students especially in boarder students as compared to non-boarders. Anemia had significant relation (P<0.05) with tea consumption with meal and non-significant relation (P>0.05) with BMI and economic status of students. The difference between Hb and serum ferritin concertation before and after dietary modification were significant in subjects. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia and improper dietary intake most common in female students. The ratio of IDA was high among boarder students mainly due to low dietary iron intake. The findings showed that 72% of boarder students had IDA, compared to 58% of non-boarder. Iron deficiency anemia can be prevented and treated by dietary modifications, nutritional counselling and guidance among females specially boarder students. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron intake. [...] Read more
by Tahniat Rehman, Amna Javed and Ahmad Hassan
https://doi.org/xx
Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is the world's most severe nutritional deficiency. Almost 2 billion people which is equal to 30% world’s population are anemic, mostly due to iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and dietary iron i ntake in border and non-boarder female students. Also determine the effect of iron rich diet on iron deficiency anemic subjects. Total 120 female students were selected from College of Nursing Allied Hospital Faisalabad, 60 from boarder group and 60 from non-boarder group. Dietary history was obtained by using a Questionnaire and complete blood count and serum ferritin tests were conducted. Total 93 students had Hb level below 12g/dl from which 81 students had MCV below 80fl. Serum ferritin test was done on those students that had low Hb and MCV values. Out of 120, 78 students had Iron deficiency anemia, including 43 from boarder students and 35 from non-boarder. Hb, MCV, serum ferritin values showed significant relation with residence (P<0.05). Insufficient dietary iron intake seen in students especially in boarder students as compared to non-boarders. Anemia had significant relation (P<0.05) with tea consumption with meal and non-significant relation (P>0.05) with BMI and economic status of students. The difference between Hb and serum ferritin concertation before and after dietary modification were significant in subjects. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia and improper dietary intake most common in female students. The ratio of IDA was high among boarder students mainly due to low dietary iron intake. The findings showed that 72% of boarder students had IDA, compared to 58% of non-boarder. Iron deficiency anemia can be prevented and treated by dietary modifications, nutritional counselling and guidance among females specially boarder students. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron intake. [...] Read more
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Chickens Supplemented with Organic Acids Enriched Corn Cob Biochar in the Finisher Diets
by Afnan Ahmad Rana, Awais Ali and Muhammad Farhan Ayaz Chishti
https://doi.org/AASB/24.1005
Abstract: The study examined growth performance, nutritional digestibility, carcass traits, and bone mineralization in broiler finisher diets supplemented with increased citric acid and fumaric acid corn cob biochar. For this experiment, a total of 480-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were procured from a comm ercial hatchery and were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: Control group (basal diet), negative control (without AGPs), CCB1%, CCB1.5%, FCB1%, and FCB1.5%. Each treatment was comprised of 8 replicates with 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The performance data of birds, i.e., feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) were determined weekly. Nutrient digestibility was calculated by using an external maker (Celite)®. Two birds from each replicate were slaughtered at the end of the trial for bone mineralization and carcass parameters evaluation. The data collected was analyzed by the analysis of variance and the means were compared using Tukey’s test. The results showed that the birds supplemented with the different inclusion levels of CCB and FCB exhibited improved growth performance (P<0.05). The highest FI was observed in birds receiving diets without AGPs, and the lowest FI was recorded in CCB1% supplemented groups during the 4th/5th weeks and overall finisher phase. Moreover, improved BWG and FCR were observed in birds that received a 1% CCB-enriched diet compared to a negative control diet. Similarly, the nutrient digestibility (dry matter, ether extract, and crude protein) was higher in CCB1%. The findings of carcass characteristics also showed the increased proportions of carcass, breast, and thigh weights in CCB1% supplemented birds. However, the weights of giblets (i.e., heart, liver, gizzard) remained the same among all the dietary treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, the minerals (Ca and P) content in the tibia bone was also higher in birds that received a 1% CCB-enriched diet compared with the negative control. In conclusion, it is suggested that the supplementation of CCB1% in the finisher diets improves growth performance, carcass characteristics, and bone mineralization of broilers [...] Read more
by Afnan Ahmad Rana, Awais Ali and Muhammad Farhan Ayaz Chishti
https://doi.org/AASB/24.1005
Abstract: The study examined growth performance, nutritional digestibility, carcass traits, and bone mineralization in broiler finisher diets supplemented with increased citric acid and fumaric acid corn cob biochar. For this experiment, a total of 480-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were procured from a comm ercial hatchery and were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: Control group (basal diet), negative control (without AGPs), CCB1%, CCB1.5%, FCB1%, and FCB1.5%. Each treatment was comprised of 8 replicates with 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The performance data of birds, i.e., feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) were determined weekly. Nutrient digestibility was calculated by using an external maker (Celite)®. Two birds from each replicate were slaughtered at the end of the trial for bone mineralization and carcass parameters evaluation. The data collected was analyzed by the analysis of variance and the means were compared using Tukey’s test. The results showed that the birds supplemented with the different inclusion levels of CCB and FCB exhibited improved growth performance (P<0.05). The highest FI was observed in birds receiving diets without AGPs, and the lowest FI was recorded in CCB1% supplemented groups during the 4th/5th weeks and overall finisher phase. Moreover, improved BWG and FCR were observed in birds that received a 1% CCB-enriched diet compared to a negative control diet. Similarly, the nutrient digestibility (dry matter, ether extract, and crude protein) was higher in CCB1%. The findings of carcass characteristics also showed the increased proportions of carcass, breast, and thigh weights in CCB1% supplemented birds. However, the weights of giblets (i.e., heart, liver, gizzard) remained the same among all the dietary treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, the minerals (Ca and P) content in the tibia bone was also higher in birds that received a 1% CCB-enriched diet compared with the negative control. In conclusion, it is suggested that the supplementation of CCB1% in the finisher diets improves growth performance, carcass characteristics, and bone mineralization of broilers [...] Read more
Valorising Insect, Plant and Microbial Protein Sources for Sustainable Livestock
by Usman Elahi
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2011
Abstract: The rising demand for animal derived proteins and conventional livestock feed production systems has had severe environmental impacts which required radical solutions to ensure sustainable and resilient food systems. This review objectively assesses insect-derived, plant-based and m icrobial proteins as alternative feed components to address sustainability issues. Insect proteins, especially black army fly larvae and mealworms, are digestible, have strong amino acid profiles, and can efficiently recycle organic waste into high-quality feed, making them competitive and sustainable alternatives to fishmeal and soybean meal. Plant-based proteins like legumes (peas, faba beans) and oilseeds (canola, rapeseed) are scalable and environmentally friendly alternatives, reducing dependence on resource-intensive feedstock while improving soil health and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Microbial proteins, manufactured by modern fermentation methods using agricultural leftovers, offer an adaptable strategy for waste valorisation and emissions reduction. Alternative proteins have great potential, but scalability, regulatory complexity, and consumer acceptance are obstacles. These challenges require genetic engineering, process optimisation and value chain integration breakthroughs. Implementation and scalability require policy interventions like shortened regulatory processes, targeted financial incentives, and inclusive stakeholder participation. This study summarises comprehensive research and practical applications to demonstrate alternative proteins' environmental, economic, and nutritional benefits in livestock feeds. By leveraging advanced technology, circular economy ideas and interdisciplinary collaboration, the animal feed sector can challenge assumptions. This will allow the sector to fulfil expanding global protein consumption while minimising environmental impacts, making alternative proteins the foundation of future-proof agricultural systems. [...] Read more
by Usman Elahi
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2011
Abstract: The rising demand for animal derived proteins and conventional livestock feed production systems has had severe environmental impacts which required radical solutions to ensure sustainable and resilient food systems. This review objectively assesses insect-derived, plant-based and m icrobial proteins as alternative feed components to address sustainability issues. Insect proteins, especially black army fly larvae and mealworms, are digestible, have strong amino acid profiles, and can efficiently recycle organic waste into high-quality feed, making them competitive and sustainable alternatives to fishmeal and soybean meal. Plant-based proteins like legumes (peas, faba beans) and oilseeds (canola, rapeseed) are scalable and environmentally friendly alternatives, reducing dependence on resource-intensive feedstock while improving soil health and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Microbial proteins, manufactured by modern fermentation methods using agricultural leftovers, offer an adaptable strategy for waste valorisation and emissions reduction. Alternative proteins have great potential, but scalability, regulatory complexity, and consumer acceptance are obstacles. These challenges require genetic engineering, process optimisation and value chain integration breakthroughs. Implementation and scalability require policy interventions like shortened regulatory processes, targeted financial incentives, and inclusive stakeholder participation. This study summarises comprehensive research and practical applications to demonstrate alternative proteins' environmental, economic, and nutritional benefits in livestock feeds. By leveraging advanced technology, circular economy ideas and interdisciplinary collaboration, the animal feed sector can challenge assumptions. This will allow the sector to fulfil expanding global protein consumption while minimising environmental impacts, making alternative proteins the foundation of future-proof agricultural systems. [...] Read more
Shelf-Life Extension of Tomatoes using Pectin-Based Edible Coatings Extracted via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE)
by Amna Naseem, Hira Ijaz, Misbah Anjum, Moazzam Rafiq Khan, Shangde Sun and Linshang Zhang
https://doi.org/xxx
Abstract: Widespread tomato consumption in Pakistan faces challenges due to significant losses from poor management and processing. These challenges by utilizing waste from abundant fruits, first time of extracting pectin from grapefruit peels through ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and applying it to tomatoes to extend their shelf life. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted pectin includes assessments of solubility, pH, color, methoxyl content, yield, and equivalent weight. Pectin yield could be enhanced by ultrasonication by 28% for 20 minutes. The dipping method with pectin concentrations (6, 9 and 12%) protects tomatoes against microbial contaminants. A 12% pectin coating (T3) effectively delayed tomato softening and reduced microbial growth compared to untreated samples. Coated tomatoes also showed less weight loss and maintained greater firmness during storage. These results demonstrate that ultrasound-assisted extraction improved pectin yield, and that the pectin coating successfully slowed microbial deterioration, thereby extending the shelf life of tomatoes by several days. Keywords: Tomato preservation, Grapefruit peels, UAE, pectin coating, fungal count. [...] Read more
by Amna Naseem, Hira Ijaz, Misbah Anjum, Moazzam Rafiq Khan, Shangde Sun and Linshang Zhang
https://doi.org/xxx
Abstract: Widespread tomato consumption in Pakistan faces challenges due to significant losses from poor management and processing. These challenges by utilizing waste from abundant fruits, first time of extracting pectin from grapefruit peels through ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and applying it to tomatoes to extend their shelf life. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted pectin includes assessments of solubility, pH, color, methoxyl content, yield, and equivalent weight. Pectin yield could be enhanced by ultrasonication by 28% for 20 minutes. The dipping method with pectin concentrations (6, 9 and 12%) protects tomatoes against microbial contaminants. A 12% pectin coating (T3) effectively delayed tomato softening and reduced microbial growth compared to untreated samples. Coated tomatoes also showed less weight loss and maintained greater firmness during storage. These results demonstrate that ultrasound-assisted extraction improved pectin yield, and that the pectin coating successfully slowed microbial deterioration, thereby extending the shelf life of tomatoes by several days. Keywords: Tomato preservation, Grapefruit peels, UAE, pectin coating, fungal count. [...] Read more
Effect of Replacement of Soybean Meal With Fish Meal on Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail
by Adeel Ahmad, Asif Javaid* and Muhammad Uzair Akhtar
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2007
Abstract: Three-hundred-day old quail chicks were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of replacement of soybean meal with fish meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail. The chicks were randomly distributed into four groups and divided into three replicates (n = 25/replicate). Four iso-nitrogenous (CP 20%) and iso-caloric (ME 3000 kcal/kg) diets were formulated replacing soybean meal with fish meal. Diet A (Control), B, C and D included 0, 15, 30, and 45% fish meal respectively. Quail chicks were fed for 42 days of trial. Data on feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were recorded. The data was analysed using analysis of variance technique by completely randomized design using Minitab and Tukey’s test was used to compare the means. Feed intake was found non-significantly different among all treatments, however, replacing soybean with fish meal up to 30% with soybean meal numerically increased the feed intake. Similarly, weight gain remained unaltered among all treatments, however, replacing soybean meal with fish meal 30% resulted in the highest weight gain in Japanese quail. Feed conversion ratio was 3.48, 3.52, 3.35 and 3.34 in quail chicks fed 0, 15, 30, and 45% fish meal respectively. Feed conversion ratio did not show significant results by replacing soybean meal with fish meal. While numerically, slightly better FCR resulted by 45% substitution of dietary soybean meal with fish meal diet. The percentage of carcass, chest, leg, heart, liver and gizzard remained unchanged across all diets. Keywords: Carcass yield, dressing percentage, growth performance, slaughter parameters, weight gain. [...] Read more
by Adeel Ahmad, Asif Javaid* and Muhammad Uzair Akhtar
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2007
Abstract: Three-hundred-day old quail chicks were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of replacement of soybean meal with fish meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail. The chicks were randomly distributed into four groups and divided into three replicates (n = 25/replicate). Four iso-nitrogenous (CP 20%) and iso-caloric (ME 3000 kcal/kg) diets were formulated replacing soybean meal with fish meal. Diet A (Control), B, C and D included 0, 15, 30, and 45% fish meal respectively. Quail chicks were fed for 42 days of trial. Data on feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were recorded. The data was analysed using analysis of variance technique by completely randomized design using Minitab and Tukey’s test was used to compare the means. Feed intake was found non-significantly different among all treatments, however, replacing soybean with fish meal up to 30% with soybean meal numerically increased the feed intake. Similarly, weight gain remained unaltered among all treatments, however, replacing soybean meal with fish meal 30% resulted in the highest weight gain in Japanese quail. Feed conversion ratio was 3.48, 3.52, 3.35 and 3.34 in quail chicks fed 0, 15, 30, and 45% fish meal respectively. Feed conversion ratio did not show significant results by replacing soybean meal with fish meal. While numerically, slightly better FCR resulted by 45% substitution of dietary soybean meal with fish meal diet. The percentage of carcass, chest, leg, heart, liver and gizzard remained unchanged across all diets. Keywords: Carcass yield, dressing percentage, growth performance, slaughter parameters, weight gain. [...] Read more
Assessment of Prevailing Determinants of Cholelithiasis in Adults of Faisalabad
by Nimra Riaz, Faiza Kiran and Shahzal Babar
https://doi.org/ xx
Abstract: Gallstone disease or cholelithiasis is a prevalent pathology of the digestive tract. Gallstones (GS) are hard, stone-like fragments of cholesterol, bile, and bilirubin formed in the gallbladder. A patient’s age, sex, body mass index, diet, and other fundamental physical and li festyle characteristics are closely linked to cholelithiasis. Cholecystectomy is the primary treatment but can lower the quality of life. The study aimed to assess the predominant factors, particularly dietary and lifestyle choices, contributing to the escalation of GS cases in a specific region. It was a survey-based cross-sectional study conducted by developing a standardized questionnaire. Data from 150-200 patients were collected from the surgical and gastroenterology wards of hospitals. Each patient’s lipid level information, dietary preferences, lifestyle choices, and medical background were noted. The study results indicated that high BMI, family history of GS, diabetes, fatty liver, excess intake of roti, excess fat intake, excessive consumption of packaged food, excessive tea consumption, high cholesterol levels, lack of physical activity, low fiber intake, multiple pregnancies, and the use of estrogen-based drugs were significant contributing factors to the prevalence of GSin Faisalabad. Based on these results, it is recommended to maintain a healthy weight, increase fiber intake, reduce fat and packaged food consumption, engage in regular physical activity, and carefully manage the use of hormonal medications to prevent GS. Additionally, women with multiple pregnancies should be monitored closely for GS risk. Keywords: Cholelithiasis, gallstone disease, adults, prevalence. [...] Read more
by Nimra Riaz, Faiza Kiran and Shahzal Babar
https://doi.org/ xx
Abstract: Gallstone disease or cholelithiasis is a prevalent pathology of the digestive tract. Gallstones (GS) are hard, stone-like fragments of cholesterol, bile, and bilirubin formed in the gallbladder. A patient’s age, sex, body mass index, diet, and other fundamental physical and li festyle characteristics are closely linked to cholelithiasis. Cholecystectomy is the primary treatment but can lower the quality of life. The study aimed to assess the predominant factors, particularly dietary and lifestyle choices, contributing to the escalation of GS cases in a specific region. It was a survey-based cross-sectional study conducted by developing a standardized questionnaire. Data from 150-200 patients were collected from the surgical and gastroenterology wards of hospitals. Each patient’s lipid level information, dietary preferences, lifestyle choices, and medical background were noted. The study results indicated that high BMI, family history of GS, diabetes, fatty liver, excess intake of roti, excess fat intake, excessive consumption of packaged food, excessive tea consumption, high cholesterol levels, lack of physical activity, low fiber intake, multiple pregnancies, and the use of estrogen-based drugs were significant contributing factors to the prevalence of GSin Faisalabad. Based on these results, it is recommended to maintain a healthy weight, increase fiber intake, reduce fat and packaged food consumption, engage in regular physical activity, and carefully manage the use of hormonal medications to prevent GS. Additionally, women with multiple pregnancies should be monitored closely for GS risk. Keywords: Cholelithiasis, gallstone disease, adults, prevalence. [...] Read more
Impact of Traditional and Modern Dairy Practices on Clean Milk Production and Mastitis
by Adil Farooq, Imaad Rasheed, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Saqib and Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2009
Abstract: Milk is a very important and highly nutritious diet for human beings. It is normally a sterile product when secreted from the udder of a healthy dairy animal. Natural milk is a complete food enriched with a variety of nutrients (protein, lipid, lactose, minerals etc.). It is an idea l medium and highly susceptible to microbial spoilage. If contaminated with microbes, it may cause severe and deadly milk borne infectious diseases, i.e., salmonellosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis and clostridial infections etc. to humans. Farm fresh milk is needed to be protected against all possible sources of contamination. The present study was conducted to determine the various factors involved in production of good quality milk. Various factors that contaminate the milk include cleanliness of udder, animal health, cleanliness of utensils, personnel hygiene, environmental hygiene and feed quality. This study was carried out on 5 dairy herds. These herds were ssituated in different localities in Faisalabad. Isolation of microorganisms, Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) and Colony Count (CC) were carried out on these herds to determine the milk quality. To this end, herds were screened by Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) for the detection of subclinical mastitis. All the positive milk samples were submitted to Mastitis Research Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, for the detection of microorganisms and CC. Moreover, somatic cell count was performed on the milk of SFMT positive and SFMT negative animals. A total of 10 animals on each farm were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups viz. non-washed udder (n=10), washed udder (n=10) with simple water and clean with towel and disinfected udder (n=10) and clean with towel. Results indicated the decrease in SCC and CC in the disinfected and clean with towel udder significantly (P<0.01). However, SCC and CC were increased significantly (P<0.05) in control groups. All in all, by applying udder washing with disinfectant and clean with towel warranted the clean milk production. Keywords: Milk quality, somatic cell count, colony count, mastitis, dairy farm management [...] Read more
by Adil Farooq, Imaad Rasheed, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Saqib and Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
https://doi.org/AASB/24.2009
Abstract: Milk is a very important and highly nutritious diet for human beings. It is normally a sterile product when secreted from the udder of a healthy dairy animal. Natural milk is a complete food enriched with a variety of nutrients (protein, lipid, lactose, minerals etc.). It is an idea l medium and highly susceptible to microbial spoilage. If contaminated with microbes, it may cause severe and deadly milk borne infectious diseases, i.e., salmonellosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis and clostridial infections etc. to humans. Farm fresh milk is needed to be protected against all possible sources of contamination. The present study was conducted to determine the various factors involved in production of good quality milk. Various factors that contaminate the milk include cleanliness of udder, animal health, cleanliness of utensils, personnel hygiene, environmental hygiene and feed quality. This study was carried out on 5 dairy herds. These herds were ssituated in different localities in Faisalabad. Isolation of microorganisms, Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) and Colony Count (CC) were carried out on these herds to determine the milk quality. To this end, herds were screened by Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) for the detection of subclinical mastitis. All the positive milk samples were submitted to Mastitis Research Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, for the detection of microorganisms and CC. Moreover, somatic cell count was performed on the milk of SFMT positive and SFMT negative animals. A total of 10 animals on each farm were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups viz. non-washed udder (n=10), washed udder (n=10) with simple water and clean with towel and disinfected udder (n=10) and clean with towel. Results indicated the decrease in SCC and CC in the disinfected and clean with towel udder significantly (P<0.01). However, SCC and CC were increased significantly (P<0.05) in control groups. All in all, by applying udder washing with disinfectant and clean with towel warranted the clean milk production. Keywords: Milk quality, somatic cell count, colony count, mastitis, dairy farm management [...] Read more
Topics
- CRISPR and gene-editing
- Genomic selection
- AI and machine learning in animal breeding
- Precision nutrition
- Feed enzymes and additives
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Zoonotic disease surveillance
- Climate change impacts
- Carbon footprint assessment
- Methane mitigation
- Big data and blockchain
- Nutrient bioavailability
- High-pressure processing
- 3D food printing and personalized nutrition
- Nutraceutical delivery systems
- Food-derived peptides
- Rapid biosensors and nanotechnology
- Valorization of food processing
- Sustainable packaging and edible coatings
- Food fortification strategies
- Foodomics